How do government employees deduct work related expenses

-W-2 employees cannot deduct job-related expenses on a federal return.  Job-related expenses were eliminated as a federal deduction for W-2 employees by the tax laws that changed for 2018 and beyond.  Your state tax laws might be different in AL, AR, CA, HI, MN, NY or PA.

If you live in a state that lets you deduct job-related expenses, the information will flow from your federal return  to the state return, so enter it in Federal>Deductions and Credits>Employment Expenses>Job-Related Expenses

For the typical W-2 employee, unreimbursed job-related expenses aren't deductible in 2024.  This includes government employees, unless you are a fee-basis government official.

Here is an article you may find helpful: Are Unreimbursed Employee Expenses Deductible?